2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

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Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are a family of enzymes with the ability to reduce organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione or thioredoxin as an electron donor. These enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. GPx1 has been reported to be involved in both pro- and anticancer effects in different tumor models.

In mammals, the GPxs family consists of eight members (GPx1-GPx8) identified so far; five of them (GPx1-GPx4 and GPx6) contain selenocysteine in the catalytic center and the other three are cysteine-containing proteins. GPx1 is one of the most critical members of the GPxs family that catalytically reduces hydrogen peroxide to produce water. The function of GPx3 is to scavenge H2O2 and lipoperoxides in the plasma to reduce systematic oxidative stress and to maintain the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide. Gpx4 is an essential mammalian glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and governs a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, called ferroptosis.

Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Specific Products:

Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0070
    Solasonine
    		Inhibitor 99.19%
    Solasonine is a ferroptosis inducer which can be isolated from Solanum melongena that has anti-infection, anti-cancer, and neurogenesis promoting properties. Solasonine promotes ferroptosis of HCC cells via destruction of the glutathione redox system induced by inhibiting GPX4, and can be used for cancer research.
    Solasonine
  • HY-145581
    Mitiperstat
    		Inhibitor 99.12%
    Mitiperstat (AZD4831) is an effective oral inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Mitiperstat inhibits MPO and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) with IC50s of 1.5 nM and 0.69 μM. Mitiperstat exhibits a weak inhibitory activity against CYP3A4 with an IC50 of 6 μM. Mitiperstat can reduce inflammation and improve microvascular function, and it can be used in studies related to heart failure, preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Mitiperstat
  • HY-115627
    PKUMDL-LC-101-D04
    		Activator 99.83%
    PKUMDL-LC-101-D04 (GPX4-Activator-1d4) is a glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) allosteric activator (pEC50=4.7). PKUMDL-LC-101-D04 can inhibit ferroptosis and inflammation.
    PKUMDL-LC-101-D04
  • HY-114360
    Taurohyodeoxycholic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is an orally active 6 alpha-hydroxylated bile acid. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid decreases colonic MPO activity, TNF-α, lL-6 serum levels and the expression of COX-2. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid alleviates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced ulcerative colitis via regulating Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells balance. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid prevents Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (HY-N2027)-induced hepatotoxicity in bile fistula rats. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid can be used for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), colitis and biliary fistula.
    Taurohyodeoxycholic acid
  • HY-P5381
    gp91 ds-tat
    		Activator 99.00%
    gp91 ds-tat, a biological active peptide, is a NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) inhibitor. gp91 ds-tat blocks NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. gp91 ds-tat ameliorates high glucose-induced increase in total ROS, LPOs and iron levels. gp91 ds-tat inhibits homocysteine (Hcy)-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and restores Hcy-inhibited lysosomal TRPML1 channel activity. gp91 ds-tat improves cerebrovascular and cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. gp91 ds-tat can be used for the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), glomerular inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
    gp91 ds-tat
  • HY-111341
    AZD5904
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    AZD5904 is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of human Myeloperoxidase (MPO) with an IC50 of 140 nM and has similar potency in mouse and rat.
    AZD5904
  • HY-B0880
    4-Aminobenzohydrazide
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    4-Aminobenzohydrazide (p-Aminobenzohydrazide) is an irreversible myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor (IC50=0.3 μM) that induces oxidative stress burst in neutrophils (ROS IC50=43.6 μM). 4-Aminobenzohydrazide has been used in subacute stroke research.
    4-Aminobenzohydrazide
  • HY-17646
    Verdiperstat
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    Verdiperstat (AZD3241) is a selective, irreversible and orally active myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 630 nM, and can be used in the research of neurodegenerative brain disorders.
    Verdiperstat
  • HY-B0679
    Lubiprostone
    		Inhibitor 99.09%
    Lubiprostone (SPI-0211) increases intestinal fluid secretion through generation of CIC-2/CFTR and activation of cAMP signaling pathway. Lubiprostone inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, downregulates Indomethacin (HY-14397)-induced iNOS and TNFα expression. Lubiprostone can be used for chronic constipation research.
    Lubiprostone
  • HY-171007
    IRF1-IN-2
    		Activator 99.83%
    IRF1-IN-2 (Compound I-19) is an IRF1 inhibitor. IRF1-IN-2 decreases the recruitment of IRF1 to the promoter of CASP1. IRF1-IN-2 inhibits cell death signaling pathway (i.e., cleavage of Caspase 1, GSDMD, IL-1 and PARP1; inhibits the Pho of TKB1, upregulates GPX4 and downregulates FACL4). IRF1-IN-2 has a protective effect on ionizing radiation-induced inflammatory skin injury.
    IRF1-IN-2
  • HY-157068
    icFSP1
    		99.94%
    icFSP1 is a potent ferroptosis suppressor protein-1 (FSP1) inhibitor. icFSP1 triggers subcellular relocalization of FSP1 from the membrane and FSP1 condensation, in synergism with GPX4 inhibition. icFSP1 induces ferroptosis. icFSP1 shows antitumor activity against melanoma..
    icFSP1
  • HY-100873
    PF-1355
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    PF-1355 is a selective 2-thiouracil mechanism-based MPO inhibitor, used for treatment of vasculitic diseases.
    PF-1355
  • HY-N0353
    Curdione
    		99.80%
    Curdione ((+)-Curdione) is an orally active sesquiterpenoid. Curdione inhibits platelet aggregation. Curdione induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via m6A methylation mediated by METTL14 and YTHDF2. Curdione inhibits ferroptosis in Isoproterenol (HY-B0468)-induced myocardial infarction by regulating the Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway, suppressing oxidative stress (ROS) and apoptosis. Curdione ameliorates Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress (ROS) and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Curdione ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Curdione ameliorates Bleomycin (HY-17565A)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Curdione exhibits neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curdione exerts antiproliferative effects against human uterine leiomyosarcoma by targeting IDO1. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis by regulating DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation. Curdione inhibits inducible prostaglandin E2 production (IC50 = 1.1 μM) and cyclooxygenase 2 expression.
    Curdione
  • HY-W018161
    Hexadecanedioic acid
    		98.0%
    Hexadecanedioic acid (Thapsic acid) is an orally active metabolite produced by B. uniformis. Hexadecanedioic acid inhibits IRE1α-XBP1s-mediated flipogenesis and ferroptosis. Hexadecanedioic acid downregulates XBP1 and Hrd1 expression, activates the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. Hexadecanedioic acid can be used for the research of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
    Hexadecanedioic acid
  • HY-155663
    GPX4-IN-5
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    GPX4-IN-5 is a covalent inhibitor of GPX4 (IC50: 0.12 μM). GPX4-IN-5 can induce ferroptosis and has anti-tumor effects. GPX4-IN-5 can be used in the study of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    GPX4-IN-5
  • HY-17355A
    Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride
    		Activator 99.94%
    Dexpramipexole ((R)-Pramipexole) dihydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable mitochondrial protective agent. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride upregulates the expression of Parkin, PINK1, GPX4 and FSP1; binds to mitochondrial F1/Fo-ATP synthase; blocks the Nav1.8 sodium channel; and inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride induces mitophagy, inhibits ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, neuroinflammation and eosinophilopoiesis; maintains mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis; reduces reactive oxygen species production; and decreases myocardial infarct size. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride is applicable to studies on eosinophilic asthma, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, analgesia, and more.
    Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride
  • HY-175032
    ATF3-IN-1
    		Agonist
    ATF3-IN-1 is a ferroptosis and ATF3 inhibitor. ATF3-IN-1 inhibits oxidative stress and ferroptosis through the ATF3/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway, exerting anti-ischemic stroke effects. ATF3-IN-1 can attenuate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and improve neuronal survival. ATF3-IN-1 has neuroprotective effects and can be used to study ischemic stroke.
    ATF3-IN-1
  • HY-P2818E
    Alkaline Phosphatase, Calf intestinal
    		Inhibitor
    Alkaline Phosphatase (Apase), Calf intestinal is an alkaline phosphatase from Calf intestinal, and is one of the most active alkaline phosphatases. Alkaline Phosphatase, Calf intestinal is an orally active membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH. Alkaline Phosphatase, Calf intestinal reduces myeloperoxidase activity and bacterial translocation. Alkaline Phosphatase, Calf intestinal improves survival rate of mice infected with E. coli. Alkaline Phosphatase, Calf intestinal improves TNBS-induced colon inflammation.
    Alkaline Phosphatase, Calf intestinal
  • HY-D0169A
    Phenol Red sodium salt
    Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) sodium salt is a pH indicator dye. Phenol Red sodium salt is also an antagonist of rat P2X1R. Phenol Red sodium salt enhances the halogenating activity of myeloperoxidase. Phenol Red sodium salt shows a distinct color change from pink to yellow in a positive pH reaction.
    Phenol Red sodium salt
  • HY-161929
    GPX4 activator 2
    		Activator 99.23%
    GPX4 activator 2 is a GPX4 activator with a Ka value of 0.426 μM for human GPX4. GPX4 activator 2 reduces lipid hydroperoxide levels, prevents lipid peroxide accumulation, and inhibits ferroptosis. GPX4 activator 2 rescues cell death induced by Erastin (HY-15763). GPX4 activator 2 exerts cardioprotective effects in a mouse model of doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced myocardial injury.
    GPX4 activator 2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Comparison

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